Induction motor, also known as asynchronous motor, is an important type of AC motor.
1、 Basic concepts
Definition: Induction motor is a motor that generates electromagnetic torque by the interaction between the rotating magnetic field formed by the stator winding and the magnetic field induced by the current in the rotor winding, thereby driving the rotor to rotate.
Alias: Asynchronous motor
Main features: The rotor is placed in a rotating magnetic field and rotates through electromagnetic torque generated by induced current.
2、 Working principle
The working principle of induction motors is based on the law of electromagnetic induction. When AC power enters the stator winding, a rotating magnetic field is generated. This rotating magnetic field interacts with the rotor winding (usually a squirrel cage conductor) to generate induced current in the rotor winding. The induced current interacts with the rotating magnetic field again, generating electromagnetic torque to drive the rotor to rotate.
3、 Basic structure
Stator: The non rotating part of an electric motor, whose main task is to generate a rotating magnetic field. The stator is usually composed of an iron core and three-phase windings. The iron core is made of stacked silicon steel sheets, and the windings are embedded in the slots of the iron core.
Rotor: The rotatable part of an electric motor, usually in the shape of a squirrel cage. The rotor core is also made of stacked silicon steel sheets, while the rotor winding is formed by embedding cast aluminum or copper bars into the core slots.
4、 Classification
Induction motors can be classified according to different standards:
Divided by the number of stator phases: single-phase motors and three-phase motors. Single phase electric motors are commonly used in household appliances such as washing machines, electric fans, etc; Three phase electric motors are widely used as power equipment in industrial production.
Divided by rotor structure: wound induction motor and squirrel cage induction motor. The latter includes single cage, double cage, and deep slot induction motors.
According to the casing protection method, induction motors can be classified into open, leak proof, closed, and explosion-proof types.
Divided by motor capacity: micro motors, small motors (0.6100 kW), medium motors (1001000 kW), and large motors (over 1000 kW).
5、 Advantages and Applications
Advantages: Induction motors have the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacturing, low price, reliable operation, durability, and strong environmental adaptability.
Application: Induction motors are widely used in various fields such as industry, agriculture, transportation, national defense technology, and household appliances. In industrial production, they are usually used as power equipment to drive various mechanical devices to operate.